This article shows how to apply the analytical concept of hydraulic resistance to analyze the hydraulic and thermal performance of systems using "diverter tees."
A common method of regulating the heating or cooling output of hydronic air handlers and other types of HVAC terminal units is to vary the water flow rate through their coils.
Once the piping system in a hydronic circuit is quantified, the next design task is to select a circulator for the piping system, like matching up an engine with a body and transmission.
When you operate a fleet of 32 delivery trucks year-round in upstate New York, you have some decisions to make regarding how to start those diesel engines when the outside temperature is -15
As universally accepted as 12-inch spacing of radiant slab tubing is, engineers should still ask if situations exist where wider tube spacing is feasible.